Diabetes insipidus can be caused by several things:
- Hypothalamus to malfunction and produce too little antidiuretic hormone
- Pituitary gland fails to release antidiuretic hormone into the bloodstream
- Damage of hypothalamus or pituitary gland due to surgery
- Brain injury (especially a fracture at the base of the skull)
- tumors
- Sarcoidosis or tuberculosis
- Aneurysm or blockage of arteries leading to the brain
- Some forms of encephalitis or meningitis
- Histiocytosis X (Hand-Schller disease-Christian).
Excessive urination and extreme thirst (especially for cold water and sometimes ice) are typical for Diabetes Insipidus. The symptoms are very similar to that of untreated diabetes mellitus, with the distinction that the urine does not contain glucose. And there is no hyperglycemia (blood glucose). Blurred vision is rare. Signs of dehydration can also occur in some individuals, because the body can not control the large number of discharge and maintain the body's fluid balance.
Extreme urination continues throughout the day and night. For children, Diabetes Insipidus can interfere with appetite, eating, weight, and growth, as well. Presenting symptoms often include fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Adults with untreated Diabetes Insipidus may remain healthy for decades as long as enough water is consumed to compensate for the amount of fluid that came out despite the risk of dehydration and loss of potassium remained lurking.
